Using xeriscape principles, residents in deserts and other semi-arid areas can create and enjoy lush, colorful, and abundantly shaded landscaping for their homes without sacrificing scarce water resources. Xeriscapes use drought-tolerant or low-water use plants to create attractive surroundings that minimize water needs and reduce maintenance requirements.

The seven basic principles of good xeriscapes are as follows:

1. Careful planning and design of the landscape and irrigation system will help you to avoid costly and time-consuming mistakes. Draw on the expertise of others, whether through a private consultation or through your own research (see resources section of this website).



2. Practical/appropriate turf areas. Use of grass should be minimized because of high water requirements, but can be appropriate in small sections such as play areas, or to create an oasis effect. Consider replacing most turf with alternatives such as ground covers, larger beds of native plants, patios, paving, or crushed granite.



3. Efficient irrigation systems. Drip irrigation, which releases small amounts of moisture directly to plant roots over an extended period, is an especially effective method for irrigating desert plants and shrubs. Timed irrigation systems help to ensure that plants get only as much water as they can use or need.



4. Soil amendments/soil analysis. Local nurseries or the Cooperative Extension office in your county (searchable list available here) can analyze your soil and recommend amendments that will improve its texture and ability to hold moisture.



5. Use of mulches. Organic mulches moderate the soil temperature, reduce evaporation and retain soil moisture, improve soil consistency through the process of decomposition, and lend a more finished appearance to your garden area.



6. Plant selection. Choose low water-use, drought-tolerant plants that are appropriate for the area to be landscaped in terms of size, texture, color, and sun/shade requirements. Ideal selections are those that will need no additional watering once they become established. Plants that are native to the area are well adapted to the environment and require only the amount of water that comes in a normal precipitation year; they also can help to attract birds, butterflies and other native wildlife to your yard. Keep the mature landscape in mind when spacing plants.



7. Regular and appropriate maintenance. Regular pruning of plants will help their growth and appearance. Regular weeding minimizes the desirable plants' competition for moisture and will prevent further germination of undesirables.

For more information on xeriscaping, go to the resources section of this website and search for Landscaping or Botanical and Informational Gardens.